Structural and relational support for innovation – formal versus informal knowledge exchange mechanisms in forest-sector learning

Post-Reform Labor-Market Trends in Urban Bolivia: Formal versus Informal Sector

This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing controversy on the distributional effects of structural reforms in developing countries. We set-up a small-scale macroeconomic model of a dual economy to capture the transmission mechanisms through which the deregulation of product and factor markets, opening up to international trade and foreign direct investment, and the privatization of public co...

willingness to communicate in the iranian context: language learning orientation and social support

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

Latent-Class Statistical Relational Learning from Formal Knowledge

We propose a learning approach for integrating formal knowledge into statistical inference by exploiting ontologies as a semantically rich and fully formal representation of prior knowledge. The logical constraints deduced from ontologies can be utilized to enhance and control the learning task by enforcing description logic satisfiability in a latent multi-relational graphical model. To demons...

Obtaining Formal Knowledge from Informal Text Analysis

Populating formal knowledge-bases from natural-language text is a long-standing objective in computer science. Recent advancements in both ontology research and information extraction research are making this objective increasingly obtainable. However, there are still serious obstacles to performing automated reasoning over the contents of text documents. This paper focuses on one of those obst...

Formal and Informal Intergenerational Support Transfers in South-eastern Asia